???????? ???????????

???????? ???????????
???????? ???????????
???????	18 ????? 1927; ??????
??????	?????? 13, 1990 (???? 63)
???????	????????
???	???? ??????, ?????????, ??????
????????(???)	??. ????????, ???????
??????????; ????	??????
?????????	?????
?????????	???? ?????, 1982

百度　　【谈规矩】贯彻民主集中制，要从干部和机制两方面努力。

???. ??????????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? (Sundaram Balachander, 18 ????? 1927 – 13 ?????? 1990), ??? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ??????????????, ??????????? ????? ????????. ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ????? ????????????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????????????? ????????. ??????? ????????????????? ?? ????????? ???????????????????. ???? ??????? ????????????????? ???? ????????????? ????????.

??????????? ????????

??????????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ??. ???????? ??????, ??????? ???? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????. ???????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ????????????? ??????? ?????. ????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????????. ???????????? ??????????? ?????????. ????????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????????????. ????? ????? ????????? ??????? ??.?????????? ?????? ???? ?????????????? ???. ??. ???????? ??????? ???? ?????????????. ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????????? ???? ????????? ???????, ?????????? ???? ???????? ???????????? ???????.

???? ???????? ?????????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????. ??????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????????????????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ???????????. ??????? ????, ?????, ??????????, ??????????, ????????????, ????????, ???????? ??????? ?????? ????????????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????.

??????????? 1952-??? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????????. ??????????? ?????? ???? ???? ???????.

?????????

???? ?????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ????????. ????????? ????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????????????. ?????????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????? ????????????. ??????????????? ???? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????????? ??????? ????????. ???????? ????????????? ????? ???? ???????????????? ??????????????^[2].??????? ??? ???? ??????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ??????????????.

????????????????? ?????????, ??????????, ???????? ???? ?????????? ????????????? ??????????. ????? ????????????????? 1962??? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????????????.^[3]

?????????????

1934 ??? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????????????? ??????? ??????? ????????????. ??????????? ????? ????? ??????????, ?????? ????? ???????????, ?????? ?????????? ???????????, ?????? ??????? ?????????????? ???????????????. ??????????? ????? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ????????????? ??????????. ????????? "?????????????" (1934), "???????????? ?????? ????????? ?????" (1942) ??????????????? ?????????. ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????????????: ????? (1951), ?????????? (1951 ??????????), ???? (1952), ???????????? (1953), ???? (1954), ?????????? (1955), ??????? ?????????? (1955) ??????? ?????? (1959).

??????????????? ??????????? 1960????? ????????????? ??? ????????????? ??????????. ??? ????? (1948), ??? ????? (1948), ???? (1951), ???? ????? (1962), ?????? (1964), ??? ?????? (1965) ????? ??????????????? ???????, ???, ????????? ??????, ??????? ?? ?? ??????????? ??????????????????. ???? ??????? ???? ???? (1954) ???????? ??????????? ??? ?????????? ??????????? ??????????.

??? ????? (1956) ???? ???????? ?????? ???????????????? ?????? ???????.^[4]

?????????

?????? ???? ?????? ??????, 1977 ^[5]
?????? ?????????? ??????, 1982, ????????? ?? ???????? ????? ??????? ????????

?????????????

?????	??????????	????	?????????	????????
1934	???? ????????	?????	??????? ?????? ??????	??????
1941	??????????????	?????	????????? ????????	??????
1942	???????????? ?????? ????????? ?????	?????	?????? & ??????	??????
1948	??? ?????	?????	??. ??. ????????????	??????, ???? ?????????, ?????????????, ??????
1948	??? ?????	?????	????? ?????????	??????, ?????????, ?????????????, ???????????, ??????
1951	????	?????		?????? ?????????, ?????????????, ??????
1951	?????	?????	????? ?????????	??????
1951	??????????	?????	????? ????????	??????, ???. ???. ??????????? ??????? ??????????
1952	????	?????	????????? ?????????	??????
1953	????????????	?????		??????
1954	???? ????	?????	??????	?????????
1954	????	?????	??????	??????
1954	??????	????????	??????	??????
1955	??????????	?????	???? ????? ????????	??????
1955	??????? ??????????	?????	????? ????????	??????
1956	??? ?????	????????	??????? ????????	?????????
1958	????? ?????	?????	????? ?????????	??. ???????????? ???????????? ??????? ??. ???????????? ??????? ?????????
1958	???? ?????	?????	?? ?????????? ????????	?????????
1959	??????	?????	????????? ??????????	??????
1962	???? ????	?????	???. ??. ???????????	??????, ????????????, ?????????, ?????????????, ??????
1964	??????	?????	???. ??. ???????????	??????, ????????????, ?????????, ?????????????
1965	??? ??????	?????	???. ??. ???????????	????????????, ?????????, ?????????????, ??????

?????

??????????? 1990 ?????? 13 ????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ?????????.^[6]

???????????

↑ "Padma Awards" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 November 2014. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
↑ Liner notes. Nonsuch Explorer Series LP, 7/2003 "The Music Of South India", 1960s.
↑ "Padma Awards". Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (India). Retrieved 2025-08-06.
↑ Edi Nijam in Naati 101 Chitralu, S. V. Rama Rao, Kinnera Publications, Hyderabad, 2006; pp: 134-5.
↑ "SNA Awardeeslist". Archived from the original on 2025-08-06. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
↑ "Sundaram Balachander: The veena musician and filmmaker who introduced Carnatic culture to the world | Music Tales".

???????????????

[Padma_Awards-1] "Padma Awards" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 November 2014. Retrieved 21 July 2015.

[2] Liner notes. Nonsuch Explorer Series LP, 7/2003 "The Music Of South India", 1960s.

[3] "Padma Awards". Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (India). Retrieved 2025-08-06.

[4] Edi Nijam in Naati 101 Chitralu, S. V. Rama Rao, Kinnera Publications, Hyderabad, 2006; pp: 134-5.

[5] "SNA Awardeeslist". Archived from the original on 2025-08-06. Retrieved 2025-08-06.

[6] "Sundaram Balachander: The veena musician and filmmaker who introduced Carnatic culture to the world | Music Tales".

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