?????? ???????????

百度　　信用变贷款，正在悄悄改变当地的贫困面貌。

?????? ??????????? (Bengal renaissance), (Bengali: ?????? ???????; Bā?lār nabajāgara?; ??3?????? ??3???3???) ??????????? ??????????? ?????? ???????????, 19-??? ?????????? ????? 20-??? ?????????? ?????, ?????? ?????????, ???????? ???????, ????, ?????, ???????????? ??????????? ?????? ????????.

19-??? ???????????? ????????? ????? ???? (1772–1833), ???????? ?????????? ????????? ????, ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????????????? ?????? ??????? ?????, ???????????? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ????????. 20-??? ???????????? ???? ????????????? ?????? (1861–1941) ???????? ????????.

???????? ???? (1921-1992) ??????????? ?????????????????? ?????????? ???????????????.^[1] 19-??? ???????????? ???????????? ???, ???? ??????????????????, ??????? ?????????, ??????? ???????????, ??????????, ???????? ????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????????? ??????? ?????? ????????????? ??????? ????????.^[2]

???????

??????????? ??????????? ???????????? ???????????? ??????????? ????? ????????? ???????, ????????, ????????, ????????? ????, ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????????????? ?? ????????? ??????????. 18-??? ???????????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ^[3] ????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????, ?????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ???????? (Young Bengal) ????? ???? ??????????? ????????? ?????????.

???????????? ???? - ????? ??????????????????? ????????? ????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ???????, ???????? ????, ?????, ??? ??????????????? ??????????????.^[4] ?????????? ?????? ???? ????????????? ?????? ????????? ????????????? ?????? ????????.

1857 ?????????? ??????????????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ???????????????. ????????? ???????????? ????????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????, ?????????? ?????????????, ????????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????????????.^[5]

????? ????? ??????????, ??????? ??????? ??????????????? ????? ???????? ????????????? ????????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????

????????????? ?????? ??????? ????????????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????????.^[6]

???????? ??????? ?????????????

???????????? ???? ????, ????? ?????? ?????? ^[7] ???????? ??????? ??????????, ?????? ?????? ????, ?????? ????? ????? ?????????????? ?????? ??????????????? ???????? ???? ????????.

??? ??????? ?????????

?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????????:^[8]

?????????? ????????????? ?????????????? ??????? ??????? ????????????, ????? ??????? ???? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ???? ????????? ????????? ... ?????????? ??????? ????????, ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????????, ???????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????????????. ?????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????... ??????? ????????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ??????????? ????. ????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ????????????????????? ??????????????????????? ???????? ????????? ????? ????, ????? ?????? ???, ????? ?????? ???????????, ??????? ?????? ????????, ????????????? ??????, ???? ???, ???????? ???????? ???, ??? ??????? ???????, ????? ?????? ?????????, ???????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????. ???????? 20?? ????????????, 1975 ???????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ????????????? ????? ??????? ??????, ?????? ???, ???????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ????????????????????????? ...

????? ??????? ????????

?????? ??????????? ????????? ????? ?????????????, ???????????????? ??????????????????? ???????????????????????; ????????, ??????????? ????, ?????????????, ??????? ??????????, ???????????? ?????? ?????????, ????????????, ?????? ???????????, ?????? ????????, ?????????, ????? ????????? ???????, ???? ?????? ???? ????????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????.

??????? ???????

?????? ??????? ????????????? ????????????????, ????????? ??????????? ????????????????????? ?????????????????????????; ????? ?????? ???????, ????????????? ???????, ?????? ?????? ????, ???? ?????? ????, ??????????? ????, ?????????, ???? ?????? ????, ???????? ?????????????, ?????? ?????? ????, ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ????.

?????? ??????????????? ????????? ???????????

?????? ?????? (1784)
????????? ?????? ???????, (1800)
????????? ??????? (1817)
????????? ????? ???? ????? (1817)
????? ???????????? (1817)
??? ???????????? (1818)
??????????? ??????? (1824)
?????????? ????? ??????? (1830)
????????? ?????????? ??????? (1835)
?????? ??? ?????? ????? & ??????? (1842)
???????? ???????, ????????? (1817)
???????? ???????? ????????? & ????????????? ???????, ???????? (1856)
????????? ????????????? (1857)
???????????? ??????? (1872)
????? ?????? ??????? (1873)
?????? ?????? ??????? (1876)
???????? ????????????? ???????? ?????? (1876)
?????? ??????? (1879)
??????? ??????? (1884) (??????? ????????????? ???????)
?????????? ??????? ?????, ???????? (1906) (??????? ????????? ?????????????)
????? ????? ????????????? (1921)
?????? ????????????? (1921)
??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? (1941)
???? ????????? ?????????? ??????? (1945)

?????? ??????
?????????? ?????????????
????????? ????????? ???????
????????? ?????????????
????????? ?????????????
?????? ?????????????

???????????

↑ History of the Bengali-speaking People by Nitish Sengupta, p 211, UBS Publishers' Distributors Pvt. Ltd. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 81-7476-355-4.
↑ Sumit Sarkar, "Calcutta and the Bengal Renaissance", in Calcutta, the Living City ed. Sukanta Chaudhuri, Vol I, p. 95.
↑ Henry Louis Vivian Derozio
↑ "Reform and Education: Young Bengal & Derozio", Bengalinet.com
↑ History of Bengali-speaking People by Nitish Sengupta, p 253.
↑ Kathleen M. O'Connell, "Rabindranath Tagore on Education", infed.org
↑ Anil Kumar Gain
↑ Cultural Heritage of Bengal by R. C. Dutt, quoted by Nitish Sengupta, pp 211-212.

?????? ??????

Chatterjee, Pranab (2010). A Story of Ambivalent Modernization in Bangladesh and West Bengal: The Rise and Fall of Bengali Elitism in South Asia. Peter Lang. ISBN 9781433108204.
Dasgupta, Subrata (2005). Twilight of the Bengal renaissance: R.K. Dasgupta & his quest for a world mind. the University of California: Dey's Publishing.
Dasgupta, Subrata (2009). The Bengal Renaissance. Permanent Black. ISBN 978-8178242798.
Dasgupta, Subrata (2011). Awakening: The Story of the Bengal Renaissance. Random House India. ISBN 978-8184001839.
Dhar, Niranjan (1977). Vedanta and the Bengal Renaissance. the University of Michigan: Minerva Associates. ISBN 9780883868379.
Fraser, Bashabi edited Special Issue on Rabindranath Tagore, Literary Compass, Wiley Publications. Volume 12, Issue 5, May 2015. See Fraser's Introduction pp. 161–72.

??????????? ?? ????? ??? 1741-4113.

Kabir, Abulfazal M. Fazle (2011). The Libraries of Bengal, 1700-1947: The Story of Bengali Renaissance. Promilla & Co. Publishers. ISBN 978-8185002071.
Kopf, David (1969). British Orientalism and the Bengal Renaissance. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0520006652.
Kumar, Raj (2003). Essays on Indian Renaissance. Discovery Publishing House. ISBN 978-81-7141-689-9.
Marshall, P. J. (2006). Bengal: The British Bridgehead: Eastern India 1740-1828 (The New Cambridge History of India). ???????????? ????????????? ?????????. ISBN 978-0521028226.
Mittra, Sitansu Sekhar (2001). Bengal's Renaissance. Academic Publishers. ISBN 9788187504184.
Pal, Bipin Chandra; Cakrabartī, Jagannātha (1977). Studies in the Bengal renaissance. the University of California: National Council of Education, Bengal.
Sastri, Sivanath. A History of the Renaissance in Bengal: Ramtanu Lahiri, Brahman and Reformer, London: Swan, Sonnenschein (1903); Kolkata: Renaissance (2002).
Sastri, Sibnath (2008). Ramtanu Lahiri, Brahman and Reformer: A History of the Renaissance in Bengal. BiblioLife. ISBN 978-0559841064.
Sen, Amit (2011). Notes on the Bengal Renaissance. Nabu Press. ISBN 978-1179501390.
Travers, Robert (2007). Ideology and Empire in Eighteenth-Century India: The British in Bengal. ???????????? ????????????? ?????????. ISBN 978-0521059688.

???? ??????????

"The Tagores and Society", Rabindra Bharati Museum Kolkata ????????????? 2025-08-07 at the ??????? ?????????
Copf, David (2012). "Bengal Renaissance". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.

[1] History of the Bengali-speaking People by Nitish Sengupta, p 211, UBS Publishers' Distributors Pvt. Ltd. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 81-7476-355-4.

[2] Sumit Sarkar, "Calcutta and the Bengal Renaissance", in Calcutta, the Living City ed. Sukanta Chaudhuri, Vol I, p. 95.

[3] Henry Louis Vivian Derozio

[4] "Reform and Education: Young Bengal & Derozio", Bengalinet.com

[5] History of Bengali-speaking People by Nitish Sengupta, p 253.

[6] Kathleen M. O'Connell, "Rabindranath Tagore on Education", infed.org

[7] Anil Kumar Gain

[8] Cultural Heritage of Bengal by R. C. Dutt, quoted by Nitish Sengupta, pp 211-212.

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